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Zitat

6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
In this report we have presented our PEMS meta-analysis of modern diesel passenger
cars, for which we assembled a large dataset of measured on-road emissions and
applied a consistent framework for the analysis and reporting of the results. Thanks to
the generous contribution of third parties, which is gratefully acknowledged, the broad
experimental basis of our assessment gives us a good level of confidence in the results
and encourages us to share our thoughts with the regulatory and scientific community.
The average on-road emissions of CO and THC remained consistently low for all the
vehicles under test. This otherwise praiseworthy behavior was overshadowed by a
generalized unsatisfactory emission profile of NOX. High NOX emissions were observed
across vehicles, regions (US and EU), manufacturers, and aftertreatment technologies.
They were heavily present not just in the more demanding driving situations (e.g., uphill
driving, instances of high acceleration*velocity), but also during the situations that
would in principle be most favorable to achieve low NOX emissions. This points to the application
of NOX control strategies that are optimized for the current type-approval test
procedures (on the chassis dynamometer laboratory, using a standard test cycle), but
are not robust enough to yield acceptable on-road performance. This engineering approach,
albeit legal in the current regulatory context, entails a risk for manufacturers that
are heavily invested in diesel technology, because it can steer environmentally conscious
customers away from their offerings. Ultimately, it is also unlikely to be sustainable after
PEMS testing is introduced for the type-approval of passenger cars in the EU in 2017.
The vehicles covered in our meta-analysis have only recently been introduced to their
corresponding markets. The current share of Euro 6 Diesel vehicles in the European
fleet (and of Tier 2 Bin 5 Diesel passenger cars in the US) is thus rather small. But unless
sound regulatory action is taken, the gradual introduction of these vehicles into the
fleets will have a disproportionate negative impact upon air quality, especially in Europe
where the popularity of diesel cars remains high. In this sense, the results of our metaanalysis
are especially relevant to the work of the RDE-LDV working group in charge
of amending Euro 6 regulations to include PEMS testing as part of the type-approval
process of passenger cars in Europe. Until this amendment is enforced in 2017, there will
be no legal requirement for vehicle manufacturers to achieve low real-world emissions
of NOX, and the issue that we identified in this report will remain an open gap in the
European vehicle emissions regulations.

Zitat

The US government has ordered Volkswagen to recall almost 500,000 cars after discovering that the company deployed sophisticated software to cheat emission tests allowing its cars to produce up to 40 times more pollution than allowed.
The Environment Protection Agency (EPA) on Friday accused VW of installing illegal “defeat device” software that dramatically reduces nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions – but only when the cars are undergoing strict emission tests.
“Put simply, these cars contained software that turns off emissions controls when driving normally and turns them on when the car is undergoing an emissions test,” Cynthia Giles, an EPA enforcement officer said. “We intend to hold Volkswagen responsible.
“VW was concealing the facts from the EPA, the state of California and from consumers. We expected better from VW,” she said. “Using a defeat device in cars to evade clean air standards is illegal and a threat to public health.”
The EPA accused Volkswagen of using the device in 482,000 four-cylinder Volkswagen and Audi diesel cars in the US since 2008. VW must recall all the cars, remove the defeat device and improve the cars’ NOx emissions, which creates smog and has been linked to increased asthma attacks and other respiratory illnesses.
“A sophisticated software algorithm on certain Volkswagen vehicles detects when the car is undergoing official emissions testing, and turns full emissions controls on only during the test,” the EPA said in a statement. “The effectiveness of these vehicles’ pollution emissions control devices is greatly reduced during all normal driving situations. This results in cars that meet emissions standards in the laboratory or testing station, but during normal operation, emit nitrogen oxides, or NOx, at up to 40 times the standard.”
Richard Corey, executive officer of the California Air Resources Board (Carb), said: “Our goal now is to ensure that the affected cars are brought into compliance, to dig more deeply into the extent and implications of Volkswagen’s efforts to cheat on clean air rules, and to take appropriate further action.”
The EPA said Volkswagen could face other action and fines for the alleged breach of the Clean Air Act. The maximum fine for violations of the act is $37,500 per vehicle, which works out to a maximum possible fine as high as $18bn.
The EPA and Carb discovered the “defeat device” software following independent analysis by researchers at West Virginia University, who were promoted into action by the International Council on Clean Technology, an NGO.
When confronted with the EPA and Carb’s evidence, VW admitted that its cars were fitted with the “defeat device”.

VW refused to comment.

Zitat

This
broader study analyzed the on-road emissions performance of fifteen new diesel
passenger cars, twelve certified to the Euro 6 standard and three to the US Tier 2 Bin
5 standard (which is more stringent than Euro 6).
...
The VW vehicles met the emission standard on FTP-chassis dynamometer tests,
which include cold-start NOx emissions. But the on-road emissions testing was
performed with the engine and after-treatment in warmed-up condition (i.e. warm/hot
start), and the VW vehicle emissions were 5 to 35 times the standards during onroad
testing, which did not include cold-start NOx emissions. This inconsistency was
a major factor in ICCT's decision to contact CARB and EPA about our test results
...
Performance differences among the vehicles tested indicate that the technologies for
real-world clean diesels already exist. Some of the tested vehicles, such as the BMW
X5, had average emissions below Euro 6 emission limits, suggesting that the
technologies to achieve that level of performance are available.

Zitat

Using a defeat device in cars to evade clean air standards is illegal and a threat to public health.

Zitat von »Attila«

Wieso braucht man eigentlich immer die USA um ne richtige Schelle zu verteilen?

Zitat von »Attila«

Es gibt auch genug Arbeitswege die zu lang sind um mal fix mit Rad zu fahren und genug Arbeitsstellen wo du keine Möglichkeit hast du duschen wenn du ankommst.
Wenn ich Rad fahre trödel ich nicht gern, d.h. ich bin in der Regel genauso durchgeschwitzt wie nach nem Halbmarathon. Ohne duschen geht da garnichts.
Klar wenn du mit nem 20er Schnitt auf Ruhepuls zur arbeit dödelst geht das klar. Aber wenn 50% schneller fährst geht das schwer ohne Schwitzen.

Dazu kommt das wir keinerlei Möglichkeiten haben Räder abzustellen, es aber Mitarbeiterparkplätze (Parkhaus mit Ausweis) für Autos gibt.
Ich würde mir hier in der Innenstadt kein teures Rad kaufen, nem Arbeitskollegen sind 2 Rennräder in 2 Jahren geklaut worden, trotz richtig teurem Schloss.
In der letzten Wohnung sind Sie sogar in den Fahrradkeller eingebrochen und haben gleich n dutzend Räder mitgehen lassen nachts.
Hier gehen halt tausende ein uns aus, ist mitten in der Stadt. Das Rad jedes mal in die Wohung tragen hätte ich auch kein Bock.

In Großstädten mit S Bahn / U Bahn und Anbindungen im Minutentakt alles gar kein Problem - da dauert das Parkplatzsuchen ja schon länger als die nächste Anbindung zu kriegen.
In Flächenländern mit geringer Bevölkerungsdichte wo sich diverse Nahverkehrskonzepte nicht lohnen völlig unmöglich. Vor allem fickt es dich richtig wenn dann mal 1 Zug oder Bus nicht kommt, weil du automatisch ne Stunde länger warten musst.

Versuch mal Amerika Westküste Urlaub zu machen und dir auch die Dinge etwas Abseits anzuschauen ohne Auto... vergiss es - die Entfernungen sind zu groß, die Busse kommen zu selten und zu unzuverlässig wenn du nicht grad ne Greyhound Route nimmst.
Radfahrwege gibt es oft genug auch nicht und teils über viele Kilometer nicht mal ne richtige Möglichkeit die 4-6 Spurigen Straßen zu kreuzen. Abgesehen davon sind einige Nahverkehrsmittel auch schweineteuer wenn du nicht grad ne Wochen oder Monatskarte kaufst.



Edit: achja, ich gehe zur Fuß zur Arbeit und zu Fuß einkaufen und bewege mein Auto eigtl. nur am Wochenende und selten für größere Einkäufe.